Exam:-1 ( Bangla 2nd & English 1st)

📘 Tense (কাল) – Basic ধারণা

Tense বলতে বোঝায়— 👉 কাজটি কখন হচ্ছে (সময় বোঝানো)

ইংরেজি Tense মূলত ৩ ভাগে বিভক্ত👇

• 1️⃣ Present Tense – বর্তমান কাল
• 2️⃣ Past Tense – অতীত কাল
• 3️⃣ Future Tense – ভবিষ্যৎ কাল

প্রতিটি Tense আবার ৪ প্রকার👇

• Simple
• Continuous
• Perfect
• Perfect Continuous

📊 Tense Chart (Complete Overview)

Tense	Simple	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
Present	Present Simple	Present Continuous	Present Perfect	Present Perfect Continuous
Past	Past Simple	Past Continuous	Past Perfect	Past Perfect Continuous
Future	Future Simple	Future Continuous	Future Perfect	Future Perfect Continuous

🔹 1️⃣ Present Tense (বর্তমান কাল)

✅ Present Simple Tense

👉 নিয়মিত কাজ, অভ্যাস, চিরন্তন সত্য বোঝায়

Structure: Subject + Verb (s/es)

Example:
I read a book.
He plays cricket.
We go to school every day.

Different types:
Affirmative: She sings well.
Negative: She does not sing well.
Interrogative: Does she sing well?

✅ Present Continuous Tense

👉 এই মুহূর্তে কাজ চলছে

Structure: Subject + am/is/are + Verb + ing

Example:
I am reading a book.
He is playing football.
They are watching TV.

✅ Present Perfect Tense

👉 কাজ শেষ হয়েছে, কিন্তু ফল এখনো আছে

Structure: Subject + has/have + V³

Example:
I have finished my work.
He has eaten rice.
We have visited Dhaka.

✅ Present Perfect Continuous Tense

👉 কাজ শুরু হয়েছিল, এখনো চলছে

Structure: Subject + has/have + been + V+ing

Example:
I have been studying for 2 hours.
She has been working since morning.

🔹 2️⃣ Past Tense (অতীত কাল)

✅ Past Simple Tense

👉 অতীতে কাজ শেষ হয়েছে

Structure: Subject + V²

Example:
I went to school yesterday.
He played cricket.
She wrote a letter.

✅ Past Continuous Tense

👉 অতীতে কোনো সময় কাজ চলছিল

Structure: Subject + was/were + V+ing

Example:
I was reading a book.
They were playing football.

✅ Past Perfect Tense

👉 একটি কাজ আরেকটি কাজের আগে শেষ হয়েছিল

Structure: Subject + had + V³

Example:
I had finished my work before sunset.
She had left the room.

✅ Past Perfect Continuous Tense

👉 অতীতে দীর্ঘ সময় ধরে কাজ চলেছিল

Structure: Subject + had + been + V+ing

Example:
I had been studying for 3 hours.
He had been working all day.

🔹 3️⃣ Future Tense (ভবিষ্যৎ কাল)

✅ Future Simple Tense

👉 ভবিষ্যতে কাজ হবে

Structure: Subject + will + V¹

Example:
I will go to school tomorrow.
She will help me.

✅ Future Continuous Tense

👉 ভবিষ্যতে কোনো সময় কাজ চলতে থাকবে

Structure: Subject + will be + V+ing

Example:
I will be reading at 8 pm.
They will be playing cricket.

✅ Future Perfect Tense

👉 নির্দিষ্ট সময়ের আগে কাজ শেষ হবে

Structure: Subject + will have + V³

Example:
I will have finished the work.
She will have reached home.

✅ Future Perfect Continuous Tense

👉 দীর্ঘ সময় ধরে কাজ চলতে থাকবে

Structure: Subject + will have been + V+ing

Example:
I will have been studying for 5 hours.
He will have been working all day.

📝 মনে রাখার সহজ টিপস

• ✔ Simple → অভ্যাস / সাধারণ কাজ
• ✔ Continuous → কাজ চলছে
• ✔ Perfect → কাজ শেষ
• ✔ Perfect Continuous → কাজ চলছে + সময়